Friday, 25 September 2020

PostgreSQL 13 Released ! Everything you need to know about v13 and MySQL vs PostgreSQL

 The major highlights:

 PostgreSQL 13 contains many new features and enhancements, including:

  • Space savings and performance gains from de-duplication of B-tree index entries
  • Improved performance for queries that use aggregates or partitioned tables
  • Better query planning when using extended statistics
  • Parallelized vacuuming of indexes
  • Incremental sorting

 

I absolutely love PostgreSQL. It’s ability to structure your data in a relational(sql) and non-relational (nosql) way makes it so versatile. I prefer PostgreSQL for its  JSONB storage and indexing, basically allowing it to take any JSON data as a field and quickly look things up. I see it as having benefits of NoSQL databases while keeping it relational.

JSON support is a killer feature. MySQL did add JSON support in a recent-ish version, but last I checked it wasn’t as complete as PostgreSQL. Another great feature is PostGIS, for spatial data (think maps and stuff that goes on a map). It also has great performance and scales well.

PostgreSQL and what that community puts out is amazing. A real poster child for open source software, and it keeps getting better as both an RDBMS and other forms of storage such as fulfilling roles as a document store, too! I struggle to keep up with all the new features!

 

Is it easy making an upgrade to this new version if I’m on 9.6 ?

It's fine to use old versions while they're still supported, but you don't have that much time left until 9.6 is EOL, so it's definitely a good idea to start planning an upgrade.

In my experience, yes. 10, 11, and 12 were very easy upgrades. There may be some specific reasons to stay on an older version, but likely it's just laziness, and upgrades have mostly required 3 things:

1.     pg_upgrade

2.     post-upgrade maintenance (reindex/vacuum)

3.     upgrade JDBC drivers for Java software using ancient libraries.

Relatively painless

 

 

PostgreSQL over MySQL

PostgreSQL is known for ITA reliability and stability. I lost some databases in MySQL installs. Never again.

PostgreSQL is in general more advanced and customizable. There are various extensions you can write to add new types, indexes, aggregates, helpers, etc. You can do advanced partitioning natively, more advanced indexes, perform very complex analytics queries more performant, while the database is still working with other clients. Use more advanced authentication methods. Triggers, scripting, and stored procedures are more advanced. Error handling in data and queries is handled more reliably. MySQL will sometime accept nonsense, convert to something, and loss user data without notifying you. Granted it is documented for MySQL, but still a shitty design. A lot of these features were available in PostgreSQL years or decades ago, and MySQL is catching up a bit. Making reliable database backups is somehow easier with PostgreSQL. And probably many more, like advanced aggregates, parallel queries, etc. Better and more advanced transaction control support. Historically PostgreSQL provided more advanced and flexible replication support. Also historically MySQL was not ACID, making it almost useless for serious database work.

MySQL is popular because it is easier to setup initially, and was super easy to use from php, which lead to its popularity. Also myths of PostgreSQL being slow. In my experience under real complex conditions, properly configured and used, with comparable functionality, PostgreSQL is faster. But that depends on application and requirements.

PostgreSQL allows you to create schemas within databases, which allows you to organize database beautifully. Secondly, PostgreSQL supports UTF-8 out of the box, MySQL's support for UTF-8 is umm, weird. Overall, I didn't expect to be able to notice the difference b/w PostgreSQL and MySQL at the level I am working but I did. (I am not very experienced with web-dev, so take my opinion with a pinch of salt). You can rename schemas! That is handy sometimes. I don't think you can rename databases in MySQL. You have to dump/load the database or rename all tables and functions one by one.

My biggest frustration with MySQL has been that it is not fully ACID compliant. DDL statements in MySQL implicitly end transactions. DDL statements are statements such as CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, and so on. Since they aren't transactional, a migration in MySQL that breaks halfway through will not try to rollback and will leave your database in a half-broken state because of that.

PostgreSQL on the other hand is fully ACID, everything is a transaction that can be rolled back, including DDL statements.

There are many non-technical and/or political reasons as well. For example, MySQL is owned by Oracle, and though it's 'free' there are many people who avoid anything Oracle like the plague. Another might be that the PostgreSQL implementation of sql is relatively close to the SYBASE and MSSQL implementation and is an easier transition into a free yet still competent RDBMS for people coming from those other products.

 

MySQL used to have better support for collations, but I think with v13 PostgreSQL closes the gap. 😊😋

 

Summing up

There are open source DBMS like PostgreSQL, MySQL etc., and closed source like Oracle, MSSQL Server etc. The latter are supposed to be better, since they are products that cost a lot and they have big corporations behind them. Other big corporations (like banks) trust these big corporations, so they enjoy the bill they pay to Oracle.

 

In the end, PostgreSQL is nice, because it is free and has a lot of advanced features. It has excellent support for transactions, which was a killing feature a few decades ago. Now the open source is a trend and there is even more hype on PostgreSQL. And check out their motto, it is true 😍

 

How does one upgrade to PostgreSQL 13 on Windows?

Here is a walk-through I found for upgrades on windows from a quick Google:

 https://www.arencambre.com/2014/12/24/postgress-pg_upgrade-on-windows-the-documentation-misses-a-lot/

 

 

The first beta of version 14 is not yet available for testing. Beta testing of version 14 is likely to begin around May 2021.


Read more Where *not* to use PostgreSQL?

 



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