1) Basic Commands
2) File and directory
related commands
3) Listing Commands
4) Performance related
commands
5) Networking related
commands
6) Other commands
Basic Commands
$date --- To display the
date and time of system.
$cal--- To display the
calender of the year.
$cal 2013
$cal 2014
$cal 8 2014
$cal 6 2011
$cal 9
$who--- To display all the
users who curretly connected to the server
$whoami --- To display
information about you
$su --- To switch from one
user to another user.
first login in to the
server as root user, then switch to oracle user as below
$su - oracle
$clear --- To clear the
window screen.
$exit --- To exit from
current user.
$login --- To login to
server using your username and passwd.
$logout --- To logout of
the current session.
$banner --- To display the
character or work followed by this command.
$banner HYDERABAD
$init 0 ---To shutdown the
server or system
$init 6 --- To restart the
server or system
$find--- To find a
specific file in the current locaion.
$which --- To find the
location of executable you are using currently.
$which sqlplus
$uname -a ---- To display
which OS is running and its version.
$ps ---- To display
current user processes information
$ps -ef --- To display all
current user processes plus system processes information
$ps -ef|grep "process
name" --- To display a specific process among many processes.
$gzip xxx.txt --- To zip
or compress a file on unix and linux side
$gunzip xxx.txt.gz --- To
unzip or uncompress a file
$man ---- To get
information/manual of a command.
$man gzip
$scp ---- To copy a file
from one server to another server.
$scp xxx.txt
oracle@rr2.oracle.com:/u01/sales/
$ping --- To check whether
a ip address is reachable or not
$ping 192.168.1.1
$
FILE AND DIRECTORY Related commands
Creating a new file :
$cat > xxx.txt -- To
create a new file using this. after typing a over..just press control + c.
$touch zzz.txt --- To
create a new empty file.
$vi aaa.txt --- To create
a new file in VI editor. if you want to insert data into this file, press on i
key and type.
$touch .abc.txt --- To
creat empty hidden file.
Copying a file :
$cp /u01/xxx.txt /u02/
$cp
/u01/sales/xxx.txt /u01/hdfc
Moving a file
$mv /u01/xxx.txt /u02
$mv /u02/abc/ttt.txt
/u02/sales/
Renaming a file
$mv xxx.txt yyy.txt(new name)
Deleting or removing a file
$rm xxx.txt
$rm -f xxx.txt
Directory related commands :
creating a directory
$mkdir /u02/movie
$mkdir -p
/u02/movie/hindi/krish (with -p option we can create all inner sub directories
at a time along with main directoy)
coping a directorty:
$cp -r /u02/movie /u03
moving a directory :
$mv -r /u02/movie /u04
Deleting or removing a
directory :
$rm -rf /u02/movie
renaming a directory :
$mv movie movie_new
Performance related
commands :
$top
This command is going to
display following information..
* Server avg load
* number of tasks are
currently running on the server
* current cpu Usage on the
server
* current memory usage on
the server
* which process is
consuming high CPU and memory on the server
* other information.
$sar (system activity report)
This display's the report
of system activity
$sar 2 5 ( This display's
report of the system activity for every 2 seconds until 5 times)
$iostat ( This is to check
what is the io statistics on the devices of the server. This display's the
stats of
inputs (reads) per second and output (write) per second.
$free ( this display's the
free RAM MEMORY and swap memory information on the server)
$vmstat ( This display's
the virtual memory stats on the system)
Network related commands :
$/sbin/ifconfig -a -- This is to find out the ip address and any
packates drop over the network. this is similar to ipconfig on windows side.
$netstat -- This is to
find out the network stats on the server
$nslookup 99.88.77.9 --- This is to find out the server(hostname)
detatils of we know the ip address
Listing commands :
$ls -- To list out all the
directories and files under a specific file system (/u01)
$ls -a -- To display all
the hidden files under a specific location
$ls -i --- To display the
inode number of the files and folders..whenever we create a file or folder on
the unix/linux side,
os assignes a unique number to those files, it is called inode
number.
$ls -r -- displays the files and folders in reverse order..this
is opposite to ls command
$ls -l -- displays the
files and folders in the long listing order
$ls -lt -- display the
fiels and folders in time order that are crated.
$ls -ltr --- display the
files and folders in reverse,timely and long listing order.
Other commands :
#useradd --- to add a user
account at OS level..this is generally done by OS ADMIN but not a dba.
#userdel -- to delete a
user account at os level.
#groupadd -- to add a
group at os level
#groupdel --to delete a
group at os level
#chmod -- to change
permission of a file or folder.
#chmod 775 xxx.txt
#chown -- to change the
ownership of a file or folder
$chown -R
oracle:oinstall /u01/app.
#df -h -- to display the
disk free (all file systems) on the server
#du -sh xxx.txt -- to display the size of a file or folder in
a specific location (/u01)
#more xxx.txt --- to
display the file content page by page. press spacebar on the keypad if you want
to see the content page by page.
#wc -l --- to get work
count(wc) in the a specific location
#echo -- to print the text
after the echo
#echo $SHELL
#echo $ORACLE_SID
