Shutting Down a Database

To shut down a database and instance, you must first connect as SYSOPER or SYSDBA.

·         Shutting Down with the NORMAL Clause

·         Shutting Down with the IMMEDIATE Clause

·         Shutting Down with the TRANSACTIONAL Clause

·         Shutting Down with the ABORT Clause

 Shutting Down with the NORMAL Clause

To shut down a database in normal situations, use the SHUTDOWN command with the NORMAL clause:

SQL> SHUTDOWN NORMAL

The NORMAL clause is optional, because this is the default shutdown method if no clause is provided.
Normal database shutdown proceeds with the following conditions:

·         No new connections are allowed after the statement is issued.

·         Before the database is shut down, the database waits for all currently connected users to disconnect from the database.

The next startup of the database will not require any instance recovery procedures.

Shutting Down with the IMMEDIATE Clause

Immediate database shutdown proceeds with the following conditions:

·         No new connections are allowed, nor are new transactions allowed to be started, after the statement is issued.

·         Any uncommitted transactions are rolled back. (If long uncommitted transactions exist, this method of shutdown might not complete quickly, despite its name.)

·         Oracle Database does not wait for users currently connected to the database to disconnect. The database implicitly rolls back active transactions and disconnects all connected users.

The next startup of the database will not require any instance recovery procedures.

Shutting Down with the TRANSACTIONAL Clause

When you want to perform a planned shutdown of an instance while allowing active transactions to complete first, use the SHUTDOWN command with the TRANSACTIONAL clause:

SQL> SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

Transactional database shutdown proceeds with the following conditions:

·         No new connections are allowed, nor are new transactions allowed to be started, after the statement is issued.

·         After all transactions have completed, any client still connected to the instance is disconnected.

·         At this point, the instance shuts down just as it would when a SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE statement is submitted.

The next startup of the database will not require any instance recovery procedures.

Shutting Down with the ABORT Clause

You can shut down a database instantaneously by aborting the database instance.
When you must do a database shutdown by aborting transactions and user connections, issue the SHUTDOWN command with the ABORT clause:

SQL> SHUTDOWN ABORT

An aborted database shutdown proceeds with the following conditions:

·         No new connections are allowed, nor are new transactions allowed to be started, after the statement is issued.

·         Current client SQL statements being processed by Oracle Database are immediately terminated.

·         Uncommitted transactions are not rolled back.

·         Oracle Database does not wait for users currently connected to the database to disconnect. The database implicitly disconnects all connected users

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